ヨーロッパ民家の民族学的・地理学的研究 : 野外博物館の民家を中心として

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  • An Ethnological and Geographical Study of European Rural Houses, with Special Reference to Rural Houses in Open Air Museums
  • ヨーロッパ ミンカ ノ ミンゾクガクテキ チリガクテキ ケンキュウ ヤガイ ハ

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From the ethnological and geographical perspective, the ruralhouse is an important key to settlement structure. Based ontypical characteristics of roof and house plans, farmstead typesshow regional differentiation and reflect specific aspects of the localway of life.The rapidly-changing rural houses of Europe have been studiedfrom a wide range of perspectives including ethnology, geographyand related fields.I. A Review : Studies of European Rural HousesNumerous studies- have been made on European rural houses,but many of earlier ones dealt only with a visual house landscapeor classification by shapes. But following the assertions andinterpretation of W. Muller-Wille and A. Demangeon a dynamictrend emerged in rural house-type studies, focusing on such themesas building materials, roofing and house plan, functional aspects,the genesis of house types and modes of transmission of culture.II. Open-Air Museums in Europe (Especially Rural Houses"Folk Architecture" in Open-Air Museums)This is a report of an ethnological and geographical surveyconducted in 1971, 1978, of 37 European Open-Air Museums.III. Regional Variation in European Rural Houses (GeneralView)(1) Roof types and building materialswooden construction (log or sawn lumber), stone, traditionalhalf-timbering (fachwerk), brick, clay walls (including sundriedbricks)(2) House plan and farmstead typesthe unitary farmstead (single-story, multistory) the multiplestructurefarmstead (closed courtyard farmstead, open orscattered farmstead)European house types illustrate that for any one example thereare variations of roof types, house plans, farmstead types andbuilding materials.

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