マツバボタンの種間交雑(1)

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  • マツバボタン ノ タネ カン コウザツ 1
  • Interspecific Crossings in Portulaca (1)

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1 従来から栽培されているマツバボタンPortulaca grandifloraは1年草であり, 8月中下旬以降草勢が衰え, 10月に枯死する.この種の花弁では, 数や色彩に巾広い変異が見られる.2 近年導入されたジュエル種P. parana (?)は単弁バラ色であり, 11月迄咲きつづけ, 東京附近では冬期の簡単な保護によって越冬し, 永年生となる.3 著者等は, ジュエルにつき, 秋口の花壇用としての価値を高く評価しているが, この評価を延長して, 品種的な分化の穫得を企図し, 数年来, 種間交雑・コルヒチン処理・レントゲン線照射・栄養接近等を行って来た.4 圃場における種間交雑では, 正逆何れの場合も, 柱頭並びに花柱内で, 異種花粉に対する抑制作用が強く発現し, ためにF_1種子を得ていない.5 この阻害作用をうけて, 花粉の多くは異種柱頭上で不発芽に終り, 一部発芽したものも, その花粉管は柱頭内に侵入出来ずにトグロ状に彎曲し, 極くわずかの花粉が正常に近い花粉管を出すものの, その伸長も遅々として進まない, ことを観察した。6 花粉の人工発芽試験では, 培地の組成に若干の工夫を加えたにも拘らず, 満足出来る状態に達していない.但し, 庶糖20%, 寒天1.5%の区が多少優っていた.7 上記培地の表面下1mmの深さに自種雌蕋を埋没すると, その直上で, 花粉の発芽状態は可成りの改善を示した.8 雌蕋に含まれる或る種の化学物質を想定すれば, このものは, 他種花粉に対しては阻害的に, 自種花粉に就ては促進的に働くものと推測される.また, それは寒天中で拡散する.9 栄養雑種・栄養接近については, 台と穂の組合せを代えても, プラスの結果が現われなかった.

The common portulaca, Portulaca grandiflora, Hook. shows wide variation in petal number and flower color. Usually it blooms continuously from early to high summer. In autumn, from the middle of August, a decline in plant vigor appears, and the withering lasts into October. Namely, it is a complete annual plant. On the other hand, a variety, called Jewel, which was introducd recently to our country under the uncertain name of P. parana, has single corolla and pinkyrose petals, and displays showy carpet in flower bed from early summer until late fall. In Matsudo (near Tokyo), this variety behaves as a perennial, under a slight protection from frost, such as soil or straw mulch of very thin layer or in a sunny place outdoors, during the succeeding winter. The authors have investigated to get any varietal new forms with the original Jewel, especially in petal number and flower color, by means of interspecific reciprocal crossing, colchicine treatment, X-ray irradiation, and vegetative approximation. But, unfortunately, we have obtained none of the F_1 seed in those hybridizations owing to the check reaction by pistil on the stigma or in the style against pollens of other species. On the stigma of other species, the most of pollens failed to germinate, while a few of them succeeded to put forth pollen tubes coiling only on that part, and the remaining few had nearly normal tubes of very limited growth running down the stylar tissue. As to the pollen germination on artificial media, we have obtained unsatisfactory results in low germination percentage, in spite of our elaborate experiments with varying composition of media, temperature, and acidity. Among these experiments, a combination of 20(null)ucrose and 1.5-0x1.b1a00bfffdbep-147gar was a little better than the others. The medium of this composition, in which the whole pistil or a part of it was planted 1mm deep, was better than the control. It is supposed that a certain chemical compound in the pistil acts as suppressor to the pollens of other species and as prom

source:Journal of School of Nursing, Chiba University

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