東京の池泉庭園の変遷に関する研究 : 水源の変化を対象として

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タイトル別名
  • トウキョウ ノ チ センテイエン ノ ヘンセン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ ス
  • A Study on the Transition of Gardens with a Pond in Tokyo : With particular reference to the changes in the sources of their water

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本論文は, 東京の池泉136カ所, 池泉庭園65カ所を調査することにより, 江戸から東京にかけての水源の変化と池泉庭園の変質状況を解明することを目的としている.江戸の庭園の特徴は, 池泉を効果的に利用するところにある.庭園の水源は, 海, 河川, 地下水(湧水, 井戸水), 上水に依存していたが, その中で湧水の利用が圧倒的に多かった.江戸が東京と呼称を変えたころから, 市街地は構造的に大きな変貌をとげた.その結果, 水辺の埋立, 上水の廃止, 地下工事による湧水の涸渇など水系の変化を生じ, 同時に池泉庭園もまた大きく変質した.とくに, 上水型庭園は7カ所から0カ所に, 潮入型庭園は6カ所から1カ所に, 湧水型庭園は37カ所から18カ所に減少したが, 河川水型庭園の4カ所には変化がなかった.その他に特殊なタイプが若干あり, また15カ所の庭園の水源は不明であった.

The main objectives of this thesis are to clarify, through a series of surveys conducted on 136 ponds and 65 gardens with a pond at different locations in Tokyo, Japan, the changes that took place in the sources of water and also the qualitative changes occurred to the gardens with a pond since the days when Tokyo, the nation's capital, was called Edo (Edo Period : 1600-1867). The characteristics of a garden built in the Edo Period are found in the effective use of ponds. In those times, the gardens depended largely on the sea, river, underground water (spring water, well water) or the service-water for the sources but, among all those sources, one that was used.by far the most was the spring water. Around the time when the name of Edo was changed to Tokyo, the city areas underwent a vast structural change. As a result, notable changes occurred to the water system in and around Tokyo, such as, the reclamation of waterside lands, abolition of the service-waterways and underground construction works causing the drying up of spring water sources. At the same time, vast qualitative changes were seen in the gardens with a pond as well. Particularly remarkable were the decrease in number of the gardens using service-water from seven to nil, that of those using water drawn from the sea from six to one, and that of those using (spring) water from 37 to 18. No change, however, was seen in the number of the gardens using river as the source of water supply ; the four gardens of this category remained unchanged. Our survey revealed that there were some that were of special types with respect to their source of water. And we were unable to clarify the sources of water of the ponds in 15 gardens.

source:The technical bulletin of Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University

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