Dark Solitons in <i>F</i>=1 Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

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  • Uchiyama Masaru
    Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo
  • Ieda Jun’ichi
    Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University
  • Wadati Miki
    Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo

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  • Dark Solitons in F=1 Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

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We study dark soliton solutions of a multi-component Gross–Pitaevskii equation for hyperfine spin F=1 spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. The interactions are supposed to be inter-atomic repulsive and anti-ferromagnetic ones of equal magnitude. The solutions are obtained from those of an integrable 2×2 matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions. We investigate the one-soliton and two-soliton solutions in detail. One-soliton is classified into two kinds. The ferromagnetic state has wavefunctions of domain-wall shape and its total spin is nonzero. The polar state provides a hole soliton and its total spin is zero. These two states are selected by choosing the type of the boundary conditions. In two-soliton collisions, we observe the spin-mixing or spin-transfer. It is found that, as “magnetic” carriers, solitons in the ferromagnetic state are operative for the spin-mixing while those in the polar are passive.

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