反省的実践家の観点からみた校長のコンピテンス(competence)に関する考察

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  • A Study on Competence of Headteachers from the Viewpoint of the Reflective Practitioner
  • ハンセイテキ ジッセンカ ノ カンテン カラ ミタ コウチョウ ノ コンピテンス competence ニ カンスル コウサツ

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the appropriate way of considering 'Competence' in preparing headteachers as a Reflective Practitioner. Recently the concept of competence has gained the attention as a basis of education and assessment. Competence is an ability to perform in the workplace resulting in successful outcomes. This concept comes from the recognition that acquiring academic knowledge and skills is not enough to perform effectively in the workplace. On the other hand, the reflective practitioner model has hold an important place in teacher education. So, whether and how can the concept of competence and reflective practitioner coexist? This paper is structured as follows under this question: Firstly, two main competence approaches in the U.K., Occupational Standards Approach and Personal qualities Approach were outlined, and two problematic assumptions were pointed out drawing on Eraut, M.; those were, 1. reductionism, 2. mastery learning; these neglect (1) the possible use of resources which individual people have, and (2) the possible change of situations. Next, in order to overcome these from the viewpoint of the reflective practitioner, the significance of the Dreyfus' expertise model, which focused on the quality dimension of competence, was proposed. Then, a problem of the model was pointed out; because of an assumption of the persistence of the same situation, it neglects the necessity of continuing learning to develop competence in changing situations and contexts. Then, to compensate that, an idea of 'capability' was emphasized, which was a source of the development and creation of competence. To sum up, what became clear was that the concept of competence and the reflective practitioner can coexist, and in considering reflective practitioners' competence, the viewpoint of lifelong learning, both dimensions of scope and quality of competence, and the idea of capability come to essential. Finally, some issues to be considered in future were noted.

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