A Study of Japanese Compound Verbs Focusing on "tori-V2" Is the Core Schema Valid as a Pedagogical Device?

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  • コア図式を用いた複合動詞習得支援のための基礎研究:「とり～」を事例として
  • コア ズシキ オ モチイタ フクゴウ ドウシ シュウトク シエン ノ タメ ノ キソ ケンキュウ トリ オ ジレイ ト シテ

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Abstract

The Japanese compound verb has two significant functions—as a vocabulary component and as a grammatical component; therefore, some researchers have claimed that it is rather difficult for non-native speakers to understand the Japanese compound verbs properly. This paper aims at a practical proposal to help Japanese learners understand the usage of Japanese compound verbs “tori-V2” by using a core theory. The Japanese compound verb “tori-V2”consists of a polysemous verb “toru” as its previous verb; however, the meaning of “toru ” varies according to the V2. For ex-ample, the original meaning of “toru” is maintained in the construction “saifu wo tori-dasu,” while it changes slightly in “sensei wo tori-kakomu. ”This paper hypothesizes that Japanese native speakers understand “tori-V2” on the basis of a core schema of “toru;” this hypothesis was tested through a research. In this research, we asked the participants to describe the difference between a single verb such as “kakomu” and a compound verb (tori-V2) such as “tori-kakomu” in a sentence. The answers provided by the Japanese participants indicate that their under-standing of “tori-V2” reflects the core schema of “toru.” The answers of the non-Japanese participants indicate that they understand the prototypical meaning of “tori-V2” but not through its core schema. Based on the result of this research, we suggest that non-native speakers should share a core schema of “tour” with native speakers to understand the meaning of “tori-V2.” However, non-native speakers would take a long time to acquire a core schema because it can be developed only through the accumulation of a wide range of experiences with regard to the word usage. Therefore, in the case of non-native speakers who usually have to learn Japanese within a limited time, some specific support tools are necessary. This paper proposes a practical way to support non-native speakers in developing the core schema of “toru” and understanding the meaning of “tori-V2.”

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