肺吸虫自然感染動物における肺組織内虫卵の形態的吟味(獸医學)

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  • Morphological Studies on the Egg of Lung-Fluke in the Lung Tissues (Spontaneous Infection Cases)(Veterinary Science)

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Paragonimus westermanii (Kerbert, 1878) has been considered to be the only lung-fluke found in Japan. Miyazaki (1950) has clarified that in Japan there are 3 species, i. e. P. westermanii, P. ohirai Miyazaki, 1939, and P. iloktsuenensis Chen, 1940. In China, Chen (1940), and Miyazaki (1942) reported that there are 3 species as mentioned above. Some maintain that "rodent type" which Tang (1940) discovered in Fukien Province, China, seems to be a new designation. Thus it is believed that the identification of species of lung-flukes which are to be found in men, domestic animals, and wild animals in Orient, has to be a matter of careful consideration. It is to be desired that the specimens so far discovered are reviewed with the utmost care. Miyazaki states that P. ohirai and P. iloktsuenensis can be differentiated by their metacercariae but not by adult worms or eggs. He differentiates the egg of P. westermanii from that of P. ohirai (or P. iloktsuenensis) by the following points, i. e., in P. westermanii the egg-shell is mostly thickened at the abopercular end and generally of reversed oval in shape with some exceptions, while in ohirai-iloktsuenensis group the egg-shell is uniform in thickness and generally of oval shape. The present paper discusses those eggs which have been separated from lesional tissues where they are found embedded. The materials used are shown in Table 1. (Natural infection cases, the lung tissue being fixed in a 10% formalin solution). The specimens of lesion have been prepared to make a morphological study of the eggs. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Despite of the variation the size of egg and ratio of length to width are generally important character at identification. 2) The form and maximum width of the egg are important character in specific diagnosis, but in those natures P. iloktsuenensis and P. ohirai show some deformation in the lung tissue while P. westermanii generally shows a typical findings. 3) In egg-shell, P, westermanii shows generally thickening at the abopercular end (fig, 1, 2, 3, 4), while ohirai-iloktsuenensis group uniform thickness (fig. 5, 6, 7, 8). These findings are correspondent to what had been reported by Miyazaki. 4) Most of P. westermanii eggs in the tissue do not show a clear visualization of the operculum. Centrally the operculum of P. westermanii egg in uterus shows usually clear visibility. In ohirai-iloktiuenensis group egg, the operculum is distinct, its demarcation being prominent (fig. 7, 8) with a few exception (fig. 5, 6). This finding affords help in differentiating the egg of P. westermanii from that of ohirai-iloktsuenensis group. Histologically the egg of ohirai-iloktsuenensis group has a shell whose demarcation between operculum and body is more thickened than in P. westermanii egg. 5) The so called "nodule" which exists at the abopercular end of the egg-shell of genus Paragonimus consists actually of a minute spine, sometimes single sometime in group. Hence the author prefers "spine" to "nodule". As this spine can be observed in any of species, it does not seem to play an important role in differentiating species. 6) Though Case 1 has afforded no specimen of adult worm, careful studies on the eggs embedded in the tissues have enabled the author to give an identification of P. westermanii. 7) Studies on the eggs embedded in lung tissues of men, domestic or wild animals can assure the differentiation among P. westermanii, P. ohirai and P. iloktwenensis even without referring to adult worms.

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