栄養教育的視点における食事調査法の開発と評価

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  • エイヨウ キョウイクテキ シテン ニ オケル ショクジ チョウサホウ ノ カイハツ ト ヒョウカ

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筆者らが開発した簡易食物摂取頻度調査法(簡易調査法)について,栄養教育対象者の栄養アセスメントとして有用であるか,さらにその信頼性に関して検討を加えた。若年女性(20歳)を2グループ(43名と66名)に分けて簡易調査法の前あるいは後に食事記録法を実施することで簡易調査法への影響について検討した。すなわち,食事記録法と簡易調査法の実施順序を入れ替え,それぞれの栄養素等摂取状況を比較したところ,食事記録法を簡易調査法の前に行った結果から,簡易調査法による集団的栄養評価が食事記録法と同水準で評価できることが示唆された。簡易調査法の信頼性を高めるには,日常の具体的な食事状況(料理名や献立)を1日あるいは数日間記録することが推奨される。

Recently, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been evaluated as a practical dietary survey method in the field of nutritional epidemiology. There is a suitable style for the purpose and subject in FFQ. When the dietary survey is executed considering the practical issues of nutrition education and guidance, some requirements appear according to the limited budget, human resources, and time restriction. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability and to evaluate a simplified FFQ that we developed, for nutritional assessment of the subjects on nutrition education. The influence on this simplified FFQ was examined on two groups of the young women (43 and 68 subjects) by executing the diet record (weighing methods) before the simplified FFQ. The results revealed that the correlation coefficients were higher and the means in the nutrition intakes were closer between the simplified FFQ and weighing methods than those when the order of executing the weighing methods and the simplified FFQ was replaced. These results suggest that the nutritional assessment from the simplified FFQ by executing the weighing methods before the simplified FFQ became close to the level of the weighing method. Therefore, improvement of the reliability of the simplified FFQ is recommended to establish it as a method for easy recording of the daily meal condition (menu and food items) for two or more days.

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