Allocleaning, fighting, waving and mating behavior in sentinel crabs (Brachyura: Ocypodoidea: Macrophthalmus)

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Allocleaning, fighting, waving and mating behavior in 16 species of Macrophthalmus (Brachyura, Macrophthalmidae) are described from field observations. Allocleaning was performed in most species observed, except M. latifrons. Male-male fighting behavior could be divided into two patterns; grasping fight and claw-extending fight. The latter was observed in five species, across three subgenera, most species exhibiting grasping fight behavior. Both fight patterns usually started with leg touching/pushing, followed by mounting and grasping. Fights usually ended with grasping, but in the claw-extending pattern, lateral extension of the chelipeds in both combatants occurred after grasping. Fighting behavior between females could be divided into two patterns; legintertwining fight and leg-extending fight, the latter being observed only in two species of subgenus Macrophthalmus. Most species exhibited leg-intertwining fight. Male waving display could be classified into four patterns, including vertical non-forward-pointing type, vertical forward-pointing type, lateral non-forward-pointing type and lateral forward-pointing type, depending upon in cheliped movement. The differences between the four waving patterns involve the chelipeds being moved either vertically or laterally, and extended forward while raised or not. Lateral movement was observed in only three species, M. banzai, M. erato and M. quadratus, most species exhibiting vertical movement. Forward-pointing movements were observed in four species, but were absent in all species of subgenus Mareotis and two species of subgenus Macrophthalmus. The most common waving display was the vertical non-forward-pointing type. Mating behavior of six species was observed (surface mating). Underground mating, reported for other macrophthalmine crabs, was not observed during the field observations.

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