近代広州の善堂 : 省躬草堂の医薬事業を中心に

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  • A Study of a Benevolent association in Modern Canton : Focusing on Medical services of Shenggongcaotang
  • キンダイコウシュウ ノ ゼンドウ ショウキュウソウドウ ノ イヤク ジギョウ オ チュウシン ニ

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The purpose of this article is to focus on religious activities and public welfare services, especially medical services of a benevolent association (shantang) with Daoist background. Here I deal with Shenggongcaotang, a Daoist association founded in Canton city in 1894 as a case study. Shenggongcaotang started as a spirit-writing cult born during the time of plague outbreak. The belief in their main god Guangchengzi was formed through popular theaters and storytelling of fictions such as Fengshenyanyi. Since Shenggongcaotang was established on a premise of Fanyu prefectural government in 1894, it gradually developed various activities; for example, medical services, distributing free coffins, providing burials for the dead, and dispensing food for the poor and so on. On its medical services, initially they only provided talismans for healing, but afterward they expanded the activities by exhibiting medical lottery slips; prescribing professional traditional Chinese medicine; producing charmed tea, water, rice wine, and the pill; medical care by a traditional Chinese doctor; vaccination; and running a pharmacy. When plague broke out, they also organized a religious ritual to dispel the epidemic upon the request from the community. This ritual, which was called Xunyouqingyi, was parading through the streets of the city carrying the god's statue to clean epidemic spirit. Judging from the above discussion, I concluded that Shenggongcaotang had many aspects as a hermitage for self cultivation, as a spiritl-writing cult acting based on oracles, and as a benevolent association providing medical and funeral services.

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