宮城県におけるプロジェクト・アドベンチャーの取り組みと課題 : 子どもの自己肯定意識の向上に着目して

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  • Practices and Problems of the Project Adventure Program in Miyagi Prefecture : Focused on the Improvement of Self-esteem of Children
  • ミヤギケン ニ オケル プロジェクト ・ アドベンチャー ノ トリクミ ト カダイ : コドモ ノ ジコ コウテイ イシキ ノ コウジョウ ニ チャクモク シテ

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There are many problem behavior of children in Japan such as bullying, juvenile delinquency, school violence, vandalism, drug etc. Many factors cause such problems, but we set up a hypothesis that the decline of self-esteem of children is very important factor. From this hypothesis and the examination of the precedence research regarding self-esteem, we set the following 3 points as the aim of this paper; 1) to review the history of Project Adventure (PA) program and to grasp of its definition and contents, 2) to grasp present conditions and problems of PA program in Miyagi Prefecture that firstly introduced it in Japan, 3) to search possibilities and limits of Miyagi PA program in the formation of the self-esteem of children. As a result of research, we conclude next three points: 1) PA is defined as the formalized process of experiential learning that makes a series of adventurous and challenge activities as the means for intending the change of the consciousness and behavior of students. PA program have been advanced the wide use and qualitative change in the process of the occurrence and diffusion in USA. It diffused partially after PAJ (Project Adventure Japan) is established in 1995 in Japan. 2) PA in Miyagi Pref. is being carried out as MAP (Miyagi Adventure Program) under the guidance of PAJ and the fundamental thought is expressed as the 'cycle of experiential learning'. Miyagi Pref. is the only one prefecture which tackles with PA by the board of education as a whole, and promote the program in the cooperation of school education and social education. The program is developed on 4 contents; (1) training of leaders, (2) enlightenment activities, (3) upgrading of the institutions and equipments, and (4) introduction of PA to the school education activities. However, the training of the leader is restrictive, and training activities are relying on PAJ now. Also, it is very difficult to measure the educational effects of PA program to students. 3) The board of education try to introduce the PA program to all public schools, but some teachers and principals reject the PA program because they doubt its effect. The staffs of board of education think that such teachers and principals do not participate the training and do not understand significance of PA program. But we think there is other reason. In the process of introducing PA program to school education, it decreased elements of adventure that improve the self-esteem of children.

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