2005パキスタン北部地震により発生した斜面災害

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  • 2005 パキスタン ホクブ ジシン ニ ヨリ ハッセイ シタ シャメン サイガイ
  • Landslide Disasters Induced by the 2005 Northern Pakistan Earthquake

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The 2005 Northern Pakistan Earthquake triggered tremendous number of landslides in various types and dimensions. As a result not a few landslide dams were also formed. This article deals with overview information on various types of landslide disasters induced by this earthquake. An earthquake of M7.6 struck the northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005 with its epicenter approximately 100km north-northeast of Islamabad, near Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Shocks by the earthquake were felt over a radius of some 300-400km in northern Pakistan, northwest India and Afghanistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan has reported that more than 83,000 local inhabitants were killed and over 3 millions were affected. It was also reported about 200,000 houses were completely destroyed and another 200,000 houses were partially damaged. Pakistani local authority estimated some millions people have been left homeless. One of the most distinct characteristics of the 2005 Northern Pakistan Earthquake is the wide spread landslides all over the epicentral area. Most of landslides occurred along the two active faults, namely Muzaffarabad and Tanda faults, mapped by Nakata et al. Geographical Survey Institute has interpreted the distribution of landslides around Muzaffarabad induced by the 2005 Northern Pakistan Earthquake by comparing two IKONOS imageries, namely taken before and after the earthquake. It was reported that large-scale landslides occurred along the above mentioned two active faults, concentrating on the northeast uplift side of the faults. Active Fault Research Center of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has identified earthquake source faults along the concerning two active faults on the basis of the results of recent field reconnaissance.

An International Conference on 8 October 2005 Earthquake in Pakistan: Its Implications and Hazard Mitigation” was held at Islamabad on January 18-19, 2006 under the sponsorship of the Geological Survey of Pakistan. Seismic experts from various countries have been called for a re-evaluation of seismic zoning and micro zonation studies to the conference. A delegation of the Japan Landslide Society including the authors was also invited as experts for landslide research to the conference. An opportunity to visit the heavily affected areas by the landslide disasters induced by the Northern Pakistan Earthquake was given to the authors by the arrangements of the Geological Survey of the Pakistan. Although our field survey was limited only during two days, the authors have been able to get an overview information on the landslide disasters induced by the Northern Pakistan Earthquake including the largest Hattian landslide area. On the basis of this field survey, the authors have an idea that our research methods for evaluation of danger degree of successive landslide occurrences and practical knowledge to arrange emergency response for mitigation of successive hazard should be basically applicable and effective also to the mitigation of successive future hazards in heavily affected area by the Northern Pakistan Earthquake.

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