Application of the Surface Technology to the Elucidation of Various Welding Defects

In welding, the chemical reaction in molten pool is mainly influenced by light elements. The ion probe microanalyzer (IMA) is a useful device for the determination of light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. IMA was applied to clarify a bright band formed in flash welding and the behaviour of carbon in the case of gouging with carbon electrode. Carbon behaviour obtained with IMA was in a good agreement with that obtained with EPMA.