ESR study on Welding Fume(Materials, Metallurgy & Weldability)

ESR study on various welding fumes was performed. Divalent manganese and trivalent iron ions in these fumes produce two electron resonances. These ions are in the forms of MnO or Fe_3O_4 and/or MnFe_2O_4 phases in these fumes, respectively. A broad resonance was observed in the fumes of gas shielded welding (G-series fumes). The broadness is mainly attributable to the dipole-dipole interaction between Fe^<3+> ions.