Enumeration of Sulfur-Oxidizing Microorganisms on Deteriorating Stone of the Angkor Monuments, Cambodia

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  • Li Xianshu
    Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Arai Hideo
    Emeritus Researcher, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
  • Shimoda Ichita
    Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Waseda University
  • Kuraishi Hiroshi
    Ex-Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Katayama Yoko
    Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

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Abstract

Annual change in the density of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms on sandstone was enumerated to know the effects on the deterioration of stone materials of the Angkor monuments in Cambodia. Samples were obtained from total 12 stations at the Angkor Wat, Bayon, and Phnom Krom temples between 1998 and 2007. Sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms enumerated in a mineral salts medium supplemented with elemental sulfur as the sole energy source had a density of 101-105 MPN (g sample)-1. The sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms of the samples collected at Angkor Wat have tended to decrease in density since 2002; on the other hand, relatively constant values have been recorded in the samples of Bayon and Phnom Krom. These results suggest that the sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms on the stone play an important role in the decay of the building blocks by excreting sulfuric acid.<br>

Journal

  • Microbes and Environments

    Microbes and Environments 23 (4), 293-298, 2008

    Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

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