果樹の樹形構築解析システム(CACOAS)を活用した減農薬樹冠の評価法とこれを用いたセイヨウナシ減農薬樹冠の解析

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  • Methods to Evaluate Advantageous Fruit Tree Crowns for Reducing Pesticide Use by Combining with the Canopy Constructing and Analyzing System of Fruit Trees (CACOAS) and its Applied Analyses to Pear Trees
  • カジュ ノ ジュケイ コウチク カイセキ システム CACOAS オ カツヨウ シタ ゲンノウヤク ジュカン ノ ヒョウカホウ ト コレ オ モチイタ セイヨウナシ ゲンノウヤク ジュカン ノ カイセキ

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Abstract

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Summary : For the purpose of development of possible fruit tree crowns for reducing pesticide use, a facility of computing a value of tree crown surface area/tree crown volume (S-V ratio) was added to the previous system (Canopy Constructing and Analyzing System of fruit tree, CACOAS). In addition, another simulation model for distribution of pesticide deposits within a tree crown was constructed by using nonrandom leaf densities from CACOAS. The two simulations were carried out over 20 years for 154 pear tree forms, which were constructed by combining several arrangements of skeleton branches with five tree form groups under constraint condition of identical yearly orchard LAI by CACOAS. The S-V ratios resulted in the following relations; slender central leader＞trellis training＞Y shape＞open center≒modified central leader. In a spray system using a nozzle, slim tree crowns as slender central leader or trellis training seemed to be advantageous to reduce pesticide use. As results from the pesticide deposit simulation, the drift proportions were very high and over about 60%, even if they were estimated at lowest. In order to correct the excessive deposit, the simulation results were standardized using a practical deposit level. As the result, large differences appeared in the mean values for 20 years of yearly spray volume per 10 a of land area within the 154 tree forms, and the minimum value was about 40% of the maximum. There was a positive correlation between mean spray volumes for 20 years after the standardization and each of tree height, volume under tree crown and leaf density. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between mean spray volumes and each of East-West tree width, inside void space, canopy volume, tree crown volume and land area occupied by tree crown. There was a positive correlation between mean deposits for 20 years before the standardization and each of outside void space, canopy volume, tree crown volume and land area occupied by tree crown. A negative correlation was found between the mean deposit and space volume under tree crown or leaf density, and not found against tree height.　　Key Words : nonrandom distribution of leaf densities, pear, reducing pesticide use, simulation system by a computer, tree form　　キーワード：葉密度の非ランダム分布，セイヨウナシ，減農薬，コンピュータによるシミュレーション，樹形

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