Employment opportunities of female labor in the cotton ginning industry in prewar India : the significance of rural factories with modern technology

インド繰棉産業の発展と女子労働力の雇用 : 戦前期農村工業の役割 [in Japanese] Employment opportunities of female labor in the cotton ginning industry in prewar India : the significance of rural factories with modern technology [in Japanese]

- 清川雪彦 KIYOKAWA Yukihiko
- 一橋大学経済研究所
- 高橋塁 TAKAHASHI Rui
- 一橋大学大学院博士課程

References (112)

Access this Article

J-STAGE

Search this Article

Author(s)

- 清川雪彦 KIYOKAWA Yukihiko
- 一橋大学経済研究所
- 高橋塁 TAKAHASHI Rui
- 一橋大学大学院博士課程

Abstract

This paper aims to estimate the new opportunities for female employment in machine-ginning factories in prewar India. The hand-ginning production was rapidly replaced by that of machine-ginning factories since the turn of the twentieth century. This substitution was greatly promoted due to rapid increases in the opportunity cost for hand-ginning workers with low productivity. The new factories equipped with ginning machines also provided ample employment opportunities to women workers, in contrast with other manufacturing factories. The statistics, however, for employment size of the female labor force in the prewar period are not available. Thus, in Section I, we specify the typical work and relative size of women workers in a standard ginning factory with the most common technology, based on partial information of various ginning factories. In the process of this confirmation, we clarified the reasons for the suitability of the roller gin (not saw gin) for Indian cotton. In Section II, we estimated the employment size of female labor in the cotton-ginning industry by combining the data of installed gins in Large Industrial Establishments in India with sex ratios of the workers from Industrial Censuses (1911 and 1921) in various provinces. The estimates of nearly 70 thousand female workers in the 1920s and 1930s are considered to be the third largest in the manufacturing industry, next to the food-processing and the cotton-spinning industries. The experience of the cotton-ginning industry provided employment possibilities for women in rural factories with greater linkage effects than in the plantation industries.

Journal

SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY

SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY 71(3), 249-270, 2005

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY SOCIETY

References: 112

1
2
1 / 2

1

<no title>

BOSERUP E.

Women's role in economic development 188, 1970

Cited by (1)
2

<no title>

DIXON R. B.

Rural women at work : strategies for development in South Asia, 105-107, 1978

Cited by (1)
3

<no title>

Statistics of British India ii

Cited by (1)
4

<no title>

India Ministry of Labour Labour Bureau

Economic and Social Status of Women Workers in India, 11-12, 1953

Cited by (1)
5

<no title>

India Ministry of Education

Towards Equality : Report of the Committee on the Status of Women in India 187, 1974

Cited by (1)
6

<no title>

朝日新聞社編

創刊五十周年記念日本経済統計総観 960, 1930

Cited by (1)
7

<no title>

Great Britain

Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India during the Year 1891-92, and the Nine Proceeding Years 320, 1891

Cited by (1)
8

<no title>

Great Britain

Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India during the Year 1882-83 pt. I, 233, 1885

Cited by (1)
9

<no title>

COLA P. R. ed.

How do develope productive industry in India and the East 18, 1867

Cited by (1)
10

<no title>

坂上國治

印度棉花事情, 20-29, 1932

Cited by (1)
11

<no title>

Indian Cotton Committee

Report of the Indian Cotton Committee, 19-20, 1919

Cited by (1)
12

<no title>

辛島昇監修

帝国書院ワールドマップ : インド

Cited by (1)
13

<no title>

PEARSE A. S.

Cotton growing in India 9, 1912

Cited by (1)
14

<no title>

坂上

印度棉花事情, 79-80

Cited by (1)
15

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 79

Cited by (1)
16

<no title>

坂上

印度棉花事情, 26-29

Cited by (1)
17

<no title>

Indian Cotton Committee

Report, 78-82

Cited by (1)
18

<no title>

Indian textile journal Sept., 300, 1897

Cited by (1)
19

<no title>

WALTON W.

A short history of the cotton, its culture, trade, and manufacture, in the Belgaum and Kaladgi Districts of the Bombay Presidency, 1880

Cited by (1)
20

<no title>

CASSELS W. R.

Cotton : an account of its culture in the Bombay Presidency, prepared from government records and other authentic sources, in accordance with a resolution of the Government of India, 1862

Cited by (1)
21

<no title>

Government of Madras Department of Agriculture

Report on the Results of an Inquiry as to the Growth of Cotton in Tinnevelly 211, 1908

Cited by (1)
22

<no title>

DAWAR L. R.

An economic survey of suner, a village in the Ferozepore District of the Punjab : inquiry 117, 1936

Cited by (1)
23

<no title>

Government of Madras Department of Agriculture

Cotton in Tinnevelly 129

Cited by (1)
24

<no title>

Government of Central Provinces and Berar

Report of the Industrial Survey Committee, pt. I 2, 21, 1939

Cited by (1)
25

<no title>

Bombay Presidency (India)

Kathiawar, 250-251, 1884

Cited by (1)
26

<no title>

Bombay Presidency (India)

Gujarat, Surat and Broach 427, 1877

Cited by (1)
27

<no title>

Bombay Presidency (India)

Ahmedabad, 102-103, 1879

Cited by (1)
28

<no title>

Bombay Presidency (India)

Khandesh 220, 1880

Cited by (1)
29

<no title>

Government of Central Provinces and Berar

Industrial Survey Committee 21

Cited by (1)
30

<no title>

Madras Presidency (India)

Tinnevelly, 213-214, 1917

Cited by (1)
31

<no title>

Government of Central Provinces and Berar

Industrial Survey Committee 21

Cited by (1)
32

<no title>

Government of Madras Department of Agriculture

Cotton in Tinnevelly 129

Cited by (1)
33

<no title>

Madras Presidency (India)

Gazetteers, 213-214

Cited by (1)
34

<no title>

Government of Madras Department of Agriculture

Cotton in Tinnevelly 129

Cited by (1)
35

<no title>

DAWAR

Economic survey 117

Cited by (1)
36

<no title>

Indian textile journal Apr., 140, 1893

Cited by (1)
37

<no title>

CASSELS

Cotton 125, 135

Cited by (1)
38

<no title>

Indian textile journal June, 220, 1897

Cited by (1)
39

<no title>

Indian textile journal April, 140-142, 1893

Cited by (1)
40

<no title>

Indian textile journal Dec, 65-68, 1893

Cited by (1)
41

<no title>

Bombay Presidency (India)

Kathiawar, 250-251

Cited by (1)
42

<no title>

Government of Central Provinces and Berar

Industrial Survey Committee 21

Cited by (1)
43

<no title>

Indian Industrial Commission

Indian Industrial Commission, 1916-18 : Report, 193-194, 1918

Cited by (1)
44

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Report and Appendices, 1908

Cited by (1)
45

<no title>

India Royal Commission on Labour

Report of the Royal Commission on Labour in India 200, 1931

Cited by (1)
46

<no title>

India Deptartment of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics

Index Numbers of Indian Prices 1861-1931 3, 1933

Cited by (1)
47

<no title>

WATSON F.

Summary and Conclusions, 134-139, 1879

Cited by (1)
48

<no title>

WATT G.

Commercial products of India, 611-612, 1908

Cited by (1)
49

<no title>

WATT G.

The wild and cultivated cotton plants of the world 43, 1907

Cited by (1)
50

<no title>

WATSON

Cotton Gins pt. I, 19-22

Cited by (1)
51

<no title>

WATSON

Cotton Gins pt. I, 16

Cited by (1)
52

A nineteenth century development project in India : the Dharwar gin factories, 1843-92

HARNETTY P.

Journal of Indian history 51, 595-622, 1973

Cited by (1)
53

<no title>

Toyo Menka Kaisha (comp.)

Indian cotton facts 1935 205, 1935

Cited by (1)
54

<no title>

Indian textile journal Dec., 65-68, 1893

Cited by (1)
55

<no title>

Indian textile journal Oct., 6-7, 1911

Cited by (1)
56

<no title>

Indian textile journal Nov., 55, 1904

Cited by (1)
57

<no title>

Indian textile journal April, 140-142, 1893

Cited by (1)
58

<no title>

PEARSE A. S.

Indian cotton 153, 1915

Cited by (1)
59

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 14

Cited by (1)
60

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 49

Cited by (1)
61

<no title>

WATSON F.

Detailed Description with Records of the Cotton Gin Trials at Manchesters, Dharwar, and Broach 201, 1879

Cited by (1)
62

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 24

Cited by (1)
63

<no title>

WATSON

Cotton Gins pt. II, 200

Cited by (1)
64

<no title>

ADARKAR B. P.

Report on Labour Conditions in the Cotton Ginning and Baling Industry, 2-3, 1946

Cited by (1)
65

<no title>

Great Britain Royal Commission on Labour

The Colonies and the Indian Empire with an Appendix on the Migration of Labour, 127-128, 1893

Cited by (1)
66

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour

Cited by (1)
67

<no title>

Indian textile journal Jan., 194-195, 1930

Cited by (1)
68

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 2

Cited by (1)
69

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour 54

Cited by (1)
70

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 29

Cited by (1)
71

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 3

Cited by (1)
72

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour

Cited by (1)
73

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions, 54-55

Cited by (1)
74

<no title>

Great Britain Royal Commission on Labour

Foreign Reports, 127-128

Cited by (1)
75

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 11-12, 54

Cited by (1)
76

<no title>

Government of Bombay Labour Office

Seasonal Factories : Report on an Enquiry into Wages, Hours of Work and Conditions of Employment in Seasonal Factories of the Bombay Province 1936, 1939

Cited by (1)
77

<no title>

India Royal Commission on Labour

Bombay Presidency (including SIND) Oral Evidence 1, 438-439, 1931

Cited by (1)
78

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour

Cited by (1)
79

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour 11

Cited by (1)
80

<no title>

India Royal Commission on Labour

Evidence 439

Cited by (1)
81

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 60

Cited by (1)
82

<no title>

East India Factory Labour Commission

Indian Factory Labour 12

Cited by (1)
83

<no title>

Indian textile journal April, 140-142, 1893

Cited by (1)
84

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 2

Cited by (1)
85

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India, 26-27

Cited by (1)
86

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 26, 65

Cited by (1)
87

<no title>

HUSAIN M.

Cotton manual 1940, 1942

Cited by (1)
88

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India

Cited by (1)
89

<no title>

Government of Madras Department of Agriculture

Cotton in Tinnevelly

Cited by (1)
90

<no title>

Great Britain Royal Commission on Labour

Foreign Reports 127

Cited by (1)
91

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 46

Cited by (1)
92

<no title>

WATT

Commercial products 613

Cited by (1)
93

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 11

Cited by (1)
94

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India 11

Cited by (1)
95

<no title>

Indian Cotton Committee

Report 17

Cited by (1)
96

<no title>

PEARSE

Cotton growing in India

Cited by (1)
97

<no title>

ADARKAR

Labour conditions 7

Cited by (1)
98

<no title>

小野章一

戦前インドの有業人口推計, 2000

Cited by (1)
99

<no title>

Madras Presidency (India)

Madras District Gazetteers : Statistical Appendix, together with a Supplement to the District Gazetteer (1917) for Tinnevelly District, 196-197, 1934

Cited by (1)
100

<no title>

坂上

印度棉花事情, 99-101

Cited by (1)

1
2
1 / 2