安全弁による低圧化システムの圧力制御対策(II) : 安全弁による水撃圧対策

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タイトル別名
  • Pressure Countermeasure Control on Pressure-reducing Pipeline System Using Safety Valve (II) : Countermeasure of Water Hammer using Safety Valve
  • 安全弁による低圧化システムの圧力制御対策(2)安全弁による水撃圧対策
  • アンゼンベン ニ ヨル テイアツカ システム ノ アツリョク セイギョ タイサク 2 アンゼンベン ニ ヨル スイゲキアツ タイサク

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Abrupt closure of a valve in a pipeline system brings about water hammer that may be harmful to the entire system. A pressure-reducing pipeline system is equipped with an automatic control valve, which can be used together with safety valves. Full-scale hydraulic experiments are conducted in a test pipeline located in Ohno Mountain, Kagoshima Prefecture, in order to investigate effects of different types of safety valves on reducing water hammer. The results were as follows: (1) When the water flow is abruptly stopped by closing a terminal valve in a pressure-reducing pipeline system, the secondary side pressure control mechanism of a conventional control valve may not be able to respond to the transmission speed of the water hammer pressure. In this case, the water hammer pressure invariably reaches the upstream end through the control valve and affects the entire pipeline. (2) By installing a new type of control valve, pressure rise is kept small on both the downstream side of the control valve and the terminal end, and static pressure can be insulated in a stable manner even when the terminal valve is closed for a short period of time. (3) When the closing duration of the terminal valve is short, pressure increment in upstream side of the new control valve becomes large, by transmitting the water hammer pressure that is created by the abrupt closing of the main disc of the control valve. (4) To control the water hammer pressure, both the new and conventional control valves require safety valves to be installed on both the upstream and downstream sides. As a countermeasure of water hammer using a safety valve, upstream safety valve is more important in a system with new control valve, and the downstream one is more important in a system with the conventional control valve. (5) Since the direct-loaded safety valve acts more quickly, it is highly efficient in suppressing the maximum pressure. However, as the valve closing time in the terminal end becomes shorter, the pilot-operated safety valve tends to show high pressure-suppressing capability by providing a high ejection flow volume.

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