Occurrence of <i>cis</i>-Vaccenic Acid in Root Vegetables

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  • Miyatani Shuichi
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture College of Health Sciences
  • Yamamoto Kohei
    General Testing Research Institute of Japan Oil Stuff Inspectors' Corporation
  • Nakayama Takao
    General Testing Research Institute of Japan Oil Stuff Inspectors' Corporation
  • Kinoshita Akemi
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture College of Health Sciences
  • Shibahara Akira
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture College of Health Sciences

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Other Title
  • 根菜類における<i>cis</i>-バクセン酸の存在
  • 根菜類におけるcis-バクセン酸の存在
  • コンサイルイ ニ オケル cis バクセンサン ノ ソンザイ

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Abstract

cis-Vaccenic acid (cis-11-octadecenoic acid), one of the double-bond positional isomers of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid), is a well-known major fatty acid of lipids in microorganisms and animal tissues. Although researchers have known of cis-vaccenic acid since 1960 when Chisholm and Hopkins found it in milkweed seeds, little attention has been paid to this acid's occurrence in higher plants. This was probably due to its low concentration in seed oils of common vegetables (soybean, corn, etc.) and due to the difficulty in analyzing it. Our research group has been studying cis-vaccenic acid in several higher plants to learn more about its function and its metabolism. In this study, we analyzed 7 kinds of root vegetables - hitherto untested - for the presence of cis-vaccenic acid, by capillary gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their dimethyl disulfide adducts. The percentages of cis-vaccenic acid (vac) and oleic acid (ole) in the total fatty acids were as follows: wasabi, 8.9 % (vac), 0.8 % (ole); radish, 4.3 % (vac), 3.3 % (ole); lily bulb, 3.6 % (vac), 3.3 % (ole); daikon, 3.5 % (vac), 3.7 % (ole); burdock, 1.7 % (vac), 1.4 % (ole); lotus, 1.1 % (vac), 9.3 % (ole); and carrot, 0.9 % (vac), 9.0 % (ole). Of the root vegetables tested, the daikon plant was divided into leaf and stem parts. The leaf and stem lipids contained cis-vaccenic acid in 4.6 % and in 4.5 %, respectively, of the total fatty acids. Oleic acid, a well-known common fatty acid, was found in the leaf and stem lipids in 9.4 % and in 2.2 %, respectively, of the total fatty acids. These results support our claim that cis-vaccenic acid is a common fatty acid in higher plants and that this acid may play a biochemical or physiological role in higher plants, as oleic acid does.

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