中国東北部吉林省南東部の農村景観における落葉広葉樹二次林の種組成と人為的攪乱 Relation between species composition and human disturbances in secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in an agricultural landscape in the southeastern part of Jilin Province, Northeast China
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- 並川 寛司 NAMIKAWA Kanji
- 北海道教育大学札幌校生物学教室 Biological Laboratory, Sapporo Campus, Hokkaido University of Education
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- 肖 洪興 XIAO Hong-Xing
- 東北師範大学生命科学院 Department of Life Science, Northeast Normal University
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著者
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- 並川 寛司 NAMIKAWA Kanji
- 北海道教育大学札幌校生物学教室 Biological Laboratory, Sapporo Campus, Hokkaido University of Education
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- 肖 洪興 XIAO Hong-Xing
- 東北師範大学生命科学院 Department of Life Science, Northeast Normal University
抄録
中国東北部吉林省の南東地域において,農地に接して広がる落葉広葉樹二次林を対象に,種組成と人為的な攪乱との間の関係について検討した.調査地域は丘陵地と山地に分けられ,前者では農民による管理,すなわち放牧,下草刈,芝刈り,伐採などが頻繁に行われ強く攪乱されていたのに対し,山地では直径10cm以下の小径木が稀に伐採されるのみであった.18調査区から得た植生資料を用い植物社会学的な表操作を行った結果,モンゴリナラ-オオサンザシ群落(2つの下位単位と3つの植分群を含む)とモンゴリナラ-トウハウチワカエデ群落(2つの下位単位を含む)に区分された.前者の群落ではいわゆる人里植物や陽地生植物の出現頻度が高く,後者の群落では調査地域の自然植生であるチョウセンゴヨウ-落葉広葉樹混交林の下層に高い頻度で出現する種が多くみられ,種組成に質的な違いが認められた.また,各群落の下位単位あるいは植分群と攪乱の質および強さとの間の密接な関係がみられた.全種を込みにした種の豊富さは,人為的な攪乱の強さと負の相関を示したのに対し,生活形別にみた種の豊富さと攪乱の強さとの間の関係はそれぞれ異なり,一年生草本は攪乱の強さと正の,木本性蔓植物および地上植物は負の相関を示した.一方,地中植物の種の豊富さは攪乱の強さと相関を示さなかった.木本性蔓植物と地上植物を込みにした非森林生の種の豊富さは攪乱の強さと相関を示さなかったのに対し,地中植物のそれは正の相関を示した.これらの結果は,人為的な攪乱が種組成に与える影響は質的な変化として現れること,伐採など直接的な影響によって木本性の種の豊富さは減少するのに対し,攪乱による森林内の環境の変化が相対的に陽性の非森林生植物の種の豊富さをもたらすことを示唆している.
The relation between species composition or diversity and human disturbances in secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests was studied in an agricultural landscape in the southeastern part of Jilin Province, Northeast China. In 18 plots, diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees≧2m in height was measured, and phytosociological measurements were carried out on vascular plants. Phytosociological classification methods were applied to 18 vegetation samples. The forests were classified into the Quercenea mongolicae of the Querco-Fagetea crenatae, and the following two communities were identified: the Quercus mongolica-Crataegus pinnatifcda community (including two under units, two stand groups and two sub-stand groups), and the Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community (including two under units). These two communities were distributed in a hilly region and a mountainous region, respectively. Further, disturbance in each of the under units or stand groups differed in quality and/or intensity, which was responsible for compositional differences among vegetation units. Correlations between species richness and intensity of disturbance made clear that species richness of woody liana and phanerophyte decreased with intensity of disturbances, and that of therophyte increased. Although species richness of geophyte was independent of disturbance, non-forest species of geophyte increased with intensity of disturbance. Therefore, disturbance found in the study area was responsible for the local extinction of woody species with long lifespan, and promoted the establishment of light demanding or shade intolerant herbaceous species, which contributed to differentiation of under unit.
収録刊行物
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- 植生学会誌
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植生学会誌 23(1), 55-67, 2006
植生学会
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