The Process of Establishing the Welfare Pension Insurance Act of 1941 Contained within the Plan for a "Long-Term" Public Insurance System, as Existed in Japan before the End of World War II

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  • 戦前期日本の「長期保険」構想における労働者年金保険法成立の経過
  • センゼンキ ニホン ノ チョウキ ホケン コウソウ ニ オケル ロウドウシャ ネンキン ホケンホウ セイリツ ノ ケイカ

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the process of establishing the Welfare Pension Insurance Act of 1941 contained within the Plan for a "Long-Term" Public Insurance System, which existed in Japan before the end of World War II. The point I would like to make is that debate on the foundation of a "long-term" public insurance system in Japan first started in the 1880's. That is, the Act was essentially contained within the Plan. Then, what significance did the Plan have? Besides the Act, the Postal Life Insurance Services (1916) and Whole Life Annuity (1926) , both voluntary insurance schemes, were inaugurated as a part of the Plan by the Ministry of Communications before the Act was enacted. Accordingly, I will especially concentrate on discussion on these three systems regarding methods of limiting personal insurance coverage and the degree to which they were subsidized by the National Treasury and analyze these two factors. As a result, the following three points should become clear : Firstly, the Plan was based upon class. Secondly, the Public "Long-Term" Insurance System was established as a system for protecting low-income classes. Thirdly, the Act was enacted to protect low-income classes as part of a poverty relief system.

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