Factors Affecting Listening Performance on Multiple-choice Tests : The Effects of Stem/option Preview and Text Characteristics

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The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stem/option preview on multiple-choice listening test performance. Forty participants listened to four test formats: full preview, stem preview, option preview, and non-preview. The results showed that the formats yielded no great differences between formats in test performance, although significant differences were found between full preview and non-preview. Also, participants completed questionnaires designed to elicit their reactions to each format. The responses indicated that listeners preferred to preview stems only, even in the full preview format. Another purpose of this study was to identify which text characteristics affected performance on multiple-choice listening tests. Multiple regression analysis identified three significant variables: (a) lexical diversity, (b) negatives, and (c) word familiarity. Implications of these findings are drawn for future research.

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