Effects of Water Level and Temperature on Physiological and Psychological Responses during Bathing in Winter

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  • 冬期入浴中の水位と湯温が生理・心理反応に及ぼす影響
  • トウキ ニュウヨク チュウ ノ スイイ ト ユオン ガ セイリ シンリ ハンノウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

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Abstract

We clarified the effects of water level and temperature on physiological and psychological responses during bathing in winter season. Eight healthy male volunteers served as subjects. They were requested to stand quietly for one minute in the bathroom, and to bathe for twenty minutes inside the bathtub filled up to the epigastrium or up to the sternoclavicular joint with the 39℃ and 42℃ water. Physiological parameters were systolic blood pressure at the upper arm, heart rate, tympanic temperature as the core temperature, skin blood flow at the forearm and sweat rate at the back of the hand continuously, and total sweating. At the same time, we measured thermal sensation and comfort votes as the psychological responses before and several times during bathing. As a result, the effect of water temperature contributed to raise the core temperature more than water level during bathing. Since present individual habit of bathing affects thermal comfort during bathing, two-step improvement, first lowering the bath water temperature, and next lowering the water level from the steroclavicular to epigastrium gradually, would be a good strategy for physiologically safe and psychologically thermal comfortable bathing.

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