Organic geochemical studies of chemical evolution related with molecular chirality and extreme sub-surface biosphere

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  • TAKANO Yoshinori
    Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University (Present address) Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 物質進化と極限環境の地下生物圏に関する有機地球化学的研究
  • 2006年度日本地球化学会奨励賞受賞記念論文 物質進化と極限環境の地下生物圏に関する有機地球化学的研究
  • 2006ネンド ニホン チキュウ カガクカイ ショウレイショウ ジュショウ キネン ロンブン ブッシツ シンカ ト キョクゲン カンキョウ ノ チカ セイブツケン ニ カンスル ユウキ チキュウ カガクテキ ケンキュウ

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Abstract

In this review article, stereo chemical investigation of biogenic and abiogenic organic compounds regarding organic cosmochemical and geochemical approaches were summarized. Representative results are as follows. At first, endo- and exogenous abiotic formation of bio-organic compounds were experimentally verified. Among these, high-molecular-weight complex organics synthesized from mixtures of simple inorganic gases similar to those found in the interstellar medium were irradiated with a particle beam. Molecular weight of complex organics were ranging from several hundred to 3,000 Da. A wide variety of organic compounds, not only a number of amide compounds, but also heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were detected by Curie point pyrolysis combined with gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer (Pyr/GC/MS). Secondary, emergence of enantiomeric excess of chiral amino acids in meteorite were experimentally verified. Before acid-hydrolysis, the synthesized high-molecular-weight complex organics containing amino acid precursors were irradiated with right (R-) or left (L-) continuous ultraviolet circularly polarized light (UV-CPL) obtained from a synchrotron radiation (SR). Enantiomeric excesses (% D-% L) were obtained by UV-R-CPL and UV-L-CPL, respectively: R-CPL preferentially produced D-alanine, and L-CPL yielded more L-alanine. Thirdly, the author described molecular chirality in extreme environment and sub-surface biosphere. Deep-sea hydrothermal systems are natural laboratories for the study of organic geochemistry related to molecular chirality and microbial habitats on extreme environments. A high-temperature deep-sea hydrothermal system was drilled using the benthic multi-coring system (BMS) employed for direct sampling of microorganisms, rocks and fluids beneath hydrothermal vents as a part of the Archaean Park Project (International research project on interaction between sub-vent biosphere and geo-environment). Based on the distribution of organic compounds derived from this vigorous hydrothermal environment, a description of deep-sea subterranean chemistry and biology was investigated with optimal microbial activities.

Journal

  • Chikyukagaku

    Chikyukagaku 42 (1), 23-40, 2008

    The Geochemical Society of Japan

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