森林景観のパッチ間における鳥類の移動様式(<特集>森林の"境目"の生態的プロセスを探る) [in Japanese] Conceptual patterns of movement by birds between patches in forest landscape(Feature Ecological process around "the boundary" between forest stands) [in Japanese]
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- 平田 令子 Hirata Ryoko
- 宮崎大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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- 伊藤 哲 Ito Satoshi
- 宮崎大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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Author(s)
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- 平田 令子 Hirata Ryoko
- 宮崎大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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- 伊藤 哲 Ito Satoshi
- 宮崎大学農学部 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
Abstract
ハビタットが分断されたモザイク状の景観において、パッチ境界に直面した動物がパッチ間を移動できるかどうかは、個体群の存続にとって重要な問題である。しかし、動物の移動パターンには、多くの要因が複雑に関わり合うため、それを把握するのは容易ではない。本稿では、鳥類の移動に関して行われたいくつかの事例的研究を整理し、鳥類のパッチ間の移動の理解の一助となるべく、その概念的なフレームワークの構築を試みた。パッチ境界に直面した鳥類が隣接パッチへ移動するまでの行動の流れは、大きく2つのステップに整理できる。第一のステップは、鳥類が異なる2つのパッチの隣接をパッチ境界と認識するかどうかであり、第二のステップは鳥類が境界を認識した後、境界を越えて移動するかどうかである。第一のステップにおいて、鳥類はパッチ間の植生構造の違いに基づくコントラストをとらえて境界を認識すると考えられる。コントラストが強い境界ほど、鳥類によって認識されやすい。第二のステップでは、鳥類はパッチのコスト-ベネフィットからパッチを選択して移動を決定する。隣接パッチの方が、鳥類が今いるパッチよりもベネフィットが高い場合に、鳥類は隣接パッチへ移動する。鳥類の移動に対する境界の透過性(移動に対して障壁となるのかならないのか)は、この2つのステップから評価することができる。パッチの選好度は種によって異なるため、ある一つの境界が様々な種の鳥類の移動に対して異なる透過性を持つと考えることができる。
The distribution ranges of wildlife species are often fragmented into mosaics of habitat patches. Whether or not species are able to cross the boundaries of patches is crucial information for conservation planning. Thus, to advance understanding of bird behavioral abilities in fragmented landscapes, we constructed a conceptual framework for bird movement between patches based on previous studies. There are two important components of bird behavior on approaching a patch boundary: 1) recognition of the boundary, and 2) deciding between crossing the boundary or staying in the current patch. Birds are thought to recognize boundaries by the contrast, i.e., differences in vegetation structure between patches. Birds more readily recognize boundaries when there is high contrast between habitats on either side. Birds will make decisions on whether or not to cross to the other side depending on cost-benefit relationships of adjacent patches. The outcome of this two-step process may be used to assess the 'permeability' of a patch boundary for the bird species in question. Since birds have species-specific preferences for given patches, the permeability of a particular boundary will vary by bird species.
Journal
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- JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 63(2), 229-238, 2013
The Ecological Society of Japan
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