Evaluation of Mangrove Biomass Changes due to Different Human Activities in Batam Island, Indonesia, Determined Using MODIS EVI and ASTER Data :

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  • Furusawa,Takuro
    Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University
  • Fuchigami,Yukari
    Center for Environmental Innovation Design for Sustainability, Osaka University
  • Kobayashi,Shigeo
    Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University
  • Yokota,Makoto
    Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University

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Abstract

In Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, the previously substantial mangroves have been displaced by other land uses for economic purposes. It is still under debate whether or not the use of the mangrove, one of whose representative products is charcoal for the global market, for the livelihood of the local people is environmentally sustainable. The aim of this study was to examine the temporal changes in mangrove biomass due to charcoal production, land development, and eco-tourism in Batam Island, Indonesia, which has been undergoing rapid industrialization. The biomass change was analyzed based on the MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) from 18 February 2000 to 25 June 2012 (data interval=16-day). The change in the mangrove cover area and causes of the change were interpreted on 9 ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) images taken between 2000 and 2012, as well as by field observations and interviews with local people. The long-term trend (i.e., from 2000 to 2012) suggested that the biomass was stable or slightly increased in the eco-tourism zone, whereas it was modestly decreased in zones being used for charcoal production. The main cause of the decrease was due to the occurrence of logging by the local people. A spectrum analysis in tandem with field observation detected two cycles, i.e., (1) yearly or more frequently, and (2) two-to-five-year interval, respectively. It was judged that either the logging for charcoal production or the land development has been higher than the sustainable rate, even though the recovery rate of the mangrove was high. The local people therefore needed to slow down the logging cycle so as to make charcoal production environmentally and economically sustainable.

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