Appointment of Female Principals in Public Middle Schools and High Schools in Japan : Based on Analysis of the First Female Principals in Each of the 47 Prefectures

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  • 公立中・高等学校の女性校長の登用 : 47都道府県第1号の分析に基づいて
  • コウリツ チュウ ・ コウトウ ガッコウ ノ ジョセイ コウチョウ ノ トウヨウ : 47 トドウフケン ダイ1ゴウ ノ ブンセキ ニ モトズイテ

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Abstract

This study compares the process by which the female principals in public middle schools and high schools in each of the 47 Prefectures throughout Japan were appointed during the pioneering era (i.e., they were the first female principals to be selected), with the process by which the first female principals in elementary schools were appointed. It further aims to illuminate historically this selection process through the filter of “gender differences in teaching profession.” The research employs a quantitative survey method and is based on data gathered from Ministry of Education, regional newspapers, periodicals of a national association of retired female principals, and other sources. The results indicate that there were two peaks in the initial appointment of female principals: the first in the 1940s and the second in the 1980s. The peak during the first period can be considered to be the result of a series of policies during the period of the US occupation and the implementation of democratic education policies. The second peak reflects the influence of the movement for the Promotion of Gender Equality on the appointment of female principals. However, as of 2012, even fifty years after female principals were first appointed in middle schools and high schools, there were three “Zero Prefectures” wherein not a single woman served as principal at the high school level. The results also show there are eight “One-Person Prefectures” wherein only one female principal led a middle school or high school.

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