認知的側面からみる職業の社会的距離 :研究の潮流と試行的分析

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  • ニンチテキ ソクメン カラ ミル ショクギョウ ノ シャカイテキ キョリ : ケンキュウ ノ チョウリュウ ト シコウテキ ブンセキ
  • Cognitive Perspective on Occupational Social Distance: Review of Researches and a Tentative Analysis

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This paper focuses on the structure of occupational cognition from the standpoint of “social distance". The research and measurement of social distance has its origin in the works of E. S. Bogardus. For the social distance among occupations, developing and systematic researches were done by E.O. Laumann, who described urban social stratification structure by both subjective and objective social distance, and by multidimensional social space. After that, Laumann's works were succeeded as social interaction distance (SID) approach. Reviewing also thestudies in Japan, I emphasize the importance of “cognition" side of subjective social distance, rather than “orientation" side, for research on class consciousness. In a small and preliminary Web-basedsurvey conducted in 2012, I asked respondents a sense of distance to 36 occupations in 7-point scale.To investigate the structure of these cognitive distance, Q-mode principal component analysis is carried out,and then mapping technique is applied to show the distance vector of each sex-occupation group of respondents. According to configuration of occupations in the 2-dimensional space extracted, an important criterion of cognitive distance is continuous social status,but several groups also have other criteria: manual/non-manual labor and gender segregation.The implications for future studies are also discussed.

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