Iron oxide deposits affected by iron oxidizing bacteria at hydrothermal environments(<Special issue>the deep structure and tectonic processes of inland basins, central Japan)

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  • KURATOMI Takashi
    Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University
  • KIYOKAWA Shoichi
    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University

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  • 鉄酸化バクテリアが関与した熱水環境の鉄酸化堆積物(<特集>地球史統合科学)
  • 鉄酸化バクテリアが関与した熱水環境の鉄酸化堆積物
  • テツ サンカ バクテリア ガ カンヨ シタ ネッスイ カンキョウ ノ テツ サンカ タイセキブツ

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Abstract

Iron oxide deposits were often associated with iron oxidizing bacteria that get energy from oxidizing ferrous ion. These bacteria accelerate iron oxidizing by excreting unique organic structures that adsorb ferrihydrites. They form mat-like ferrihydrites in iron-rich hydrothermal environments of different depths of the oceans around the world. The process in the microbial mat associated with the modern hydrothermal activity can be regarded as a type of the biomineralization. Comparisons in iron oxide fabrics and bacterial habits in different hydrothermal settings improve our understanding for the formational mechanisms of iron oxides, including a wide range of ancient deposits, such as the Precambrian banded iron formations (BIFs) and oolitic iron ore. Previous studies have linked the BIFs with the long-term global environment changes, such as increasing oxygen level. Iron oxidizing bacteria was potential for forming the BIFs. Assuming that a single cell can oxidize Fe of 1.1 x 10_-11 mole/year, activity of the iron oxidizing bacteria with the abundance of 5.7 x 10_4 cell/cm3 could generate the Precambrian BIFs. The biomineralization of the iron oxidizing bacteria was an important process for Iron Formations.

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