Religious Pluralism in Islam : Salvation of Non-Muslims and Their Civil Rights

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  • イスラームにおける宗教多元主義 : 異教徒の救済と市民権をめぐって
  • イスラーム ニ オケル シュウキョウ タゲン シュギ : イキョウト ノ キュウサイ ト シミンケン オ メグッテ

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Abstract

Religious pluralism is derived from Christian theology, but a growing number of Muslims reconstruct it as an Islamic idea to promote coexistence with non-Muslims. Some Muslim pluralists affirm that non-Muslims can attain salvation in the hereafter, whereas others focus on worldly issues. Concerning the question of salvation, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, who is also a perennialist, recognizes the truth of other faiths, based on the theory of "relatively absolute," which attributes the diversity of traditions to God's will. Yet this view is not accepted by ordinary Muslims, for it contradicts their belief that Islam is superior to other religions. On the other hand, another type of religious pluralism, which deals with civil rights in this world, is influential among Muslims today. Yusuf al-Qaradawi, for example, calls for securing religious freedom and abolishing religious discrimination in Islamic states on the ground that God alone rewards or punishes human faith. There is a view, however, that no Islamic state is compatible with religious pluralism. Thus, the collision between religious pluralism and the superiority of Islam in discussing civil rights of non-Muslims matters not only in Islamic soteriology but also in discussing the civil rights of non-Muslims.

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