ICOPE-15-1176 Cycle and Turbine Development for the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Allam Cycle

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It is very important to decrease CO_2 emissions from fossil-fueled power plants while pursuing economically competitive solutions. To achieve these goals, the authors are developing, with other partners, a highly efficient and economical semi-closed power cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid. Major components of this cycle include an air separation unit, turbine and combustor, generator, compressor, pump, and economizer heat exchanger. Fossil fuel, typically natural gas or syngas from coal gasification, is fed into an innovative combustor at high pressure together with pure oxygen from an air separation unit and a stream of hot, high-pressure CO_2 recycled from within the semi-closed system. The two major products from this combustion process are CO_2 and H_2O. The H_2O can be easily removed from the cycle, leaving a high-pressure, high-purity carbon dioxide working fluid. As a result, excess combustion-derived carbon dioxide can be sent into a pipeline without requiring extensive cleanup or further compression, and therefore there is no negative impact on the thermal efficiency of the plant. The net thermal efficiencies of commercial plants with 100% carbon capture are projected to be 59% for natural gas and 51% for coal (LHV), taking all parasitic loads such as the air separation unit, compressor, pump, and all other equipment into consideration. The cycle is being demonstrated through a 50MWt power plant that will validate all of its characteristics. The FEED study for the plant has been completed, the site has been selected, permitting is underway, purchase orders have been issued, and manufacturing of some of the major components has begun. The components of the demonstration plant have all been selected and designed as a scale down of the future commercial plant design, which has a capacity of 500MWt to 600MWt. This paper describes the characteristics of and commercial development status for the cycle, with a particular focus on the development of the turbine and combustor.

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