Lives, Citizenships and Identities of Nikkei ‘Return’ Migrants from the Philippines : The Results of the Nationwide Questionnaire Survey Conducted in Japan

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  • Iijima Mariko
    Center fo the Teaching of Foreign Languages in General Education, Sophia University : Lecturer
  • Ono Shun
    Asia Center, Kyushu University : Director, Professor

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Other Title
  • フィリピン日系「帰還」移民の生活・市民権・アイデンティティ : 質問票による全国実態調査結果（概要）を中心に
  • フィリピン ニッケイ キカン イミン ノ セイカツ シミンケン アイデンティティ シツモンヒョウ ニ ヨル ゼンコク ジッタイ チョウサ ケッカ ガイヨウ オ チュウシン ニ

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Abstract

One of the conspicuous new-comer ethnic groups of Japan in recent years is Nikkeijin (Nikkei or descendants of Japanese ancestry) from Brazil, Peru, the Philippines, Indonesia and others. It is estimated that more or less than 400,000 Nikkeijin and their family members are currently residing in Japan. The authors have focused on ‘returned’ Philippine Nikkeijin (descendants of pre-Pacific War Japanese immigrants to the Philippines), whose population has been rapidly increasing for the last decade. They examined their lives, citizenships and identities based on the analysis of the nationwide questionnaire survey conducted in Japan during the period from December 2008 to March 2009. The results suggest that the number of permanent visa and dual citizenship holders has been increasing. They also found that the number of Yonsei (the fourth generation) workers has increased in parallel with activating of the generation ‘upgrading’ movement among the Philippine Nikkeijin community. Over 30 % of the respondents answered that their “homeland” is both of Philippines and Japan, and they seemed to have dual identity.

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