採石場のヘレニズム : 前3 世紀エジプト領域部の文化変容をめぐって

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  • Hellenism and Quarry in Ptolemaic Middle Egypt
  • サイセキバ ノ ヘレニズム ゼン 3セイキ エジプト リョウイキブ ノ ブンカ ヘンヨウ オ メグッテ

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Since 2005 the author has been conducting archaeological investigations at the open-air limestone quarry at Zawiat al-Sultan in Middle Egypt on the east bank of the Nile, where an impressive Ptolemaic quarry is located. These surveys led to the discovery of vast number of Greek and Egyptian demotic, often bilingual, graffiti left on the walls and ceilings of the quarry. The chronological sequence of graffiti on the upper part of the valley indicates that these sections were quarried under the last years of Ptolemy II and the beginnings of the reign of his successor Ptolemy III. As for the lowest level of the quarry, the sequence of graffiti strongly suggests that the activities here should be dated to the last years of Ptolemy III and the early years of Ptolemy IV. This chronological observation of the graffiti reveals that the phenomenon of linguistic Hellenization seems to have advanced in relatively short time in third-century BCE Middle Egypt. Although we must appreciate the long process of cultural contact between Greeks and Egyptians beginning with the Saite restoration, the pace of cultural change in the local society seems to have been not so much constant as highly variable, and there must have been several cataract where Hellenization progressed rather drastically.

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