Regeneration dynamics of the abies sachalinensis-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest of hokkaido, northern japan with reference to its phytogeographical perspective

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Characteristics of the regeneration dynamics of the Abies sachalinensis-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest of Hokkaido, temperate region of northern Japan, were clarified by a literature review, and their phytogeographical perspective was discussed. The temperate deciduous broadleaved forest shows a distinct regeneration dynamics pattern characterized by preceding invasion of pioneer trees with a low shade-tolerance into a canopy gap followed by climax species with a high shade-tolerance. However, the mixed forest of Hokkaido shows no clear pattern. Even climax species require relatively high light intensity for their development into a canopy tree. They appear already in earlier stage of the forest regeneration such as in a canopy gap. The pattern changes significantly with a combination of the composition of dominant species and habitat environments at each site. Phytogeographically, this regeneration pattern is ascribed to relatively low summer temperatures in Hokkaido. The climax, shade tolerant deciduous broadleaved species can not assimilate enough to compensate the cost of leaves. This growth restriction releases A. sachalinensis from a competitive exclusion by deciduous broadleaved species. Another phytogeographical background may be a lack of Pinus koraiensis, a conifer competitor for A.sachalinensis. in Hokkaido. making A.sachalinensis dominant in a forest.

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