早期発達支援における短期集中スタッフ訓練の効果

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  • ソウキ ハッタツ シエン ニ オケル タンキ シュウチュウ スタッフ クンレン ノ コウカ
  • Soki hattatsu shien ni okeru tanki shuchu sutafu kunren no koka
  • The effect of intensive staff training in the early intervention therapy

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Abstract

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Pivotal Response Training (PRT) is one of the early intervention methods for children with autism. In this study, two student therapists in developmental psychology Master's program were trained through a five-hour-long PRT workshop. Prepost design was adopted to show the efficacy of the workshop. In order to analyze the efficacy of the workshop in detail, sequences of three terms of antecedent (A), behavior (B), and consequence (C) in time-series format were considered as a unit of measurement to analyze therapists performance. For pre and post evaluation, a boy who showed autistic symptom was asked to participate. He was already familiar with the therapists. The one-on-one play interaction was videotaped for 10 minutes and analyzed by using BECO, a BEhavior COding system. The result showed that both therapists and the boy increased their performance for the following categories during the post condition: (1) The therapist's turn-taking behavior, (2) the boy's eye contact, reaching, and vocalization, and (3) interaction between the therapist and the boy. On the other hand, there are two areas that did not show the improvement: (1) The therapist B's choice given to the boy, and attention seeking, and (2) the boy's looking to the therapist's pointing to an object. The therapist's self-evaluations in play condition showed the higher score after the workshop than before the workshop for both therapists. The score of the test to measure their knowledge about PRT also improved after the workshop for both therapists. These results indicated that even it was only five hour workshop was effective to improve a therapists' (1) acquisition of knowledge of early intervention method, (2) partial early intervention skills, and (3) self-evaluation about early intervention skills.

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