Literature Review on Projective Techniques and Level Hypothesis: Toward the formulation of effective test batteries

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  • 投映法と水準仮説に関する文献展望 : 有効なテスト・バッテリー構築のために
  • トウエイホウ ト スイジュン カセツ ニ カンスル ブンケン テンボウ : ユウコウ ナ テスト ・ バッテリー コウチク ノ タメニ

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Abstract

Clinical psychologists of today must assess psychopathology that is more complicated than ever. To this end, they need to select effective batteries for projective techniques in personality assessment. This paper focuses on the level hypothesis that considers personality as composed of several levels. The author conducted a literature review on the classical psychic structure theory (topographic and tripartite models) (Freud, S), the level hypothesis (Shneidman, E.S.; Leary, T; Klopfer, WG; Coleman, JC et al.), and the structural analysis (Wagner, EE). The results indicate the following three findings: (1) Every researcher proposes his theory based on the psychic structure theory of Freud as his theoretical background. (2) Introduction of the concept of “consciousness in the sense of awareness”, as proposed by Coleman, permits the “personality levels” to be empirically explained in the psychological assessment study. (3) In the structural analysis theory proposed by Wagner, various projective techniques are intended for different levels. This theory can serve as a theoretical model to consider effective test batteries for projective techniques.

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