Strategy and Alliance Policy for the Asia-Pacific Region under the Eisenhower Administration : Collective Defense System in the Western Pacific

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  • アイゼンハワー政権のアジア太平洋地域戦略と同盟政策 : 西太平洋集団防衛システムの構想
  • アイゼンハワー セイケン ノ アジア タイヘイヨウ チイキ センリャク ト ドウメイ セイサク : ニシタイヘイヨウ シュウダン ボウエイ システム ノ コウソウ

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Abstract

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This article reports research results on the development of American alliances during the Eisenhower administration. The administration established bilateral alliances with the Republic of Korea and the Republic of China, respectively, and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in the early Cold War period, adding them to the Australia, New Zealand and United States Security Treaty (ANZUS) and, the U.S.-Japan and U.S.-Philippine alliances, which the Truman administration founded. The Eisenhower administration considered linking these six alliances with each other and expanding them into a comprehensive collective defense arrangement. Investigating Far East policies and alliance making of the administration, this article provides new evidence and perspectives on a collective defense organization. The article finds that the administration, mobilizing potential defense capabilities of Japan, ROK and ROC, had considered the possibility of forming a Western Pacific collective defense arrangement at least until 1957, but it did not succeed because of two possible factors; the Japanese government’s negative attitude toward making a contribution even for self-defense, let alone for the security of the Asia Pacific region, and discrepancies in interests of desired members for the coalition, such as the intense anti-Communist attitudes of the ROK and ROC governments, which made it difficult for other potential allies in the region to cooperate with each other.

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