男性競泳選手の最大下運動負荷に伴う唾液中ストレスホルモンの変動

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  • Changes in salivary stress hormone levels when male competitive swimmers swim with submaximal effort
  • ダンセイ キョウエイ センシュ ノ サイオオシタ ウンドウ フカ ニ トモナウ ダエキ チュウ ストレスホルモン ノ ヘンドウ

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【Purpose】The purpose of this study was to determine changes in salivary cortisol and testosterone levels when athletes swam at peak performance. Salivary cortisol reflects mental and physical stress, but testosterone reflects only physical stress. Performance requirements were gradually increased until athletes reached their peak performance. A correlation between cortisol and testosterone levels and a correlation between cortisol levels in blood and testosterone levels in saliva have already been demonstrated. Only a medical professional can draw blood, but coaches can sample saliva, so salivary hormone levels can readily be measured. Cortisol and testosterone levels in saliva are reported to fluctuate as a result of stress. Thus, this study examined whether salivary cortisol and testosterone levels are an effective index for physical training.【Methods】Subjects were 14 male swimmers who were university students. All of the subjects had successfully participated in student swimming competitions in Japan. Subjects swam freestyle for 200 m. Subjects swam 4 times (best time +40 seconds, +30 seconds, +20 seconds, and maximal effort) and were given a rest time of 15 minutes between each attempt. Cortisol and testosterone levels in saliva were measured at rest immediately after swimming, after three attempts, after swimming with maximal effort, and 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after swimming.【Results】Salivary cortisol and testosterone levels were significantly higher 20 minutes after swimming (1.15±0.01 μg/ml and 1.66±0.04 pg/ml, respectively)， and those levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) during rest (1.11±0.01 μg/ml and 1.70±0.03 pg/ml, respectively)．【Discussion】Swimming with maximal effort was likely to increase salivary cortisol levels and decrease salivary testosterone levels. A study has reported that physical stress and psychological stress are associated because of the reaction in the hypothalamus. This may explain why a combination of mental and physical stress produced changes in salivary cortisol levels. Maximal physical effort affected testosterone levels. The measurement of cortisol and testosterone levels in saliva may provide a new training index for competitive swimming.

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