Two-step photon up-conversion solar cells

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Reducing the transmission loss for below-gap photons is a straightforward way to break the limit of the energy-conversion efficiency of solar cells (SCs). The up-conversion of below-gap photons is very promising for generating additional photocurrent. Here we propose a two-step photon up-conversion SC with a hetero-interface comprising different bandgaps of Al<jats:sub>0.3</jats:sub>Ga<jats:sub>0.7</jats:sub>As and GaAs. The below-gap photons for Al<jats:sub>0.3</jats:sub>Ga<jats:sub>0.7</jats:sub>As excite GaAs and generate electrons at the hetero-interface. The accumulated electrons at the hetero-interface are pumped upwards into the Al<jats:sub>0.3</jats:sub>Ga<jats:sub>0.7</jats:sub>As barrier by below-gap photons for GaAs. Efficient two-step photon up-conversion is achieved by introducing InAs quantum dots at the hetero-interface. We observe not only a dramatic increase in the additional photocurrent, which exceeds the reported values by approximately two orders of magnitude, but also an increase in the photovoltage. These results suggest that the two-step photon up-conversion SC has a high potential for implementation in the next-generation high-efficiency SCs.</jats:p>

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