“Revised Fact, Revised Fiction : In Search of Fictional/ Biographical Origins of Mark Twain’s Which Was It?”

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Other Title
  • 改訂される事実とフィクション : マーク・トウェインの未発表小説『それはどっちだったか』の来歴を探る
  • カイテイ サレル ジジツ ト フィクション マーク トウェイン ノ ミハッピョウ ショウセツ ソレハ ドッチ ダッタカ ノ ライレキ ヲ サグル
  • カイテイ サレル ジジツ ト フィクション : マーク ・ トウェイン ノ ミハッピョウ ショウセツ 『 ソレ ワ ドッチ ダッタ カ 』 ノ ライレキ オ サグル

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Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between Twain’s later novel, Which Was It?, and his earlier works,especially the Mississippi writings. It is not diffi cult to envision this novel as an attempt to reintegrate Pudd’nhead Wilson and “Those Extraordinary Twins.” We can also consider this novel to be a revised version of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Furthermore, we can identify an archetype from Which Was It? in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The depiction of the guilt-ridden protagonist of Tom Sawyer and his alter-ego, Injun Joe, refl ects Twain’s own experiences with repentance. With help from the author’s autobiographical accounts, we can fi nd in Which Was It? a counterpart to the inseparable pair of Tom Sawyer/ Injun Joe in George Harrison(awful pangs of guilt) and Jasper(a mixed-blood tormenter).

Journal

  • 言語文化研究

    言語文化研究 43 77-96, 2017-03-31

    Graduate School of Language and Culture, Osaka University

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