福島原発事故による避難者への仮設住宅の供与終了について

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  • フクシマ ゲンパツ ジコ ニヨル ヒナンシャ エノ カセツ ジュウタク ノ キョウヨ シュウリョウ ニツイテ
  • The Termination of Temporary Housing Provided to Evacuees of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

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Abstract

はじめに : 福島県は2017年3月、東日本大震災による避難者への仮設住宅供与を終了した(2015年6月15日時点の避難指示区域、および楢葉町全域では延長)。その影響はおよそ1万戸、2万6000人に及ぶ。避難者の生活再建には住居の確保が不可欠であるから、2015年に供与終了の方針が明らかになると、避難当事者だけでなく、ジャーナリスト、実務家、研究者からも批判や懸念の声があがっ。仮設住宅の供与は、災害救助法に基づいて行われる。同法は、避難が県境を越えて広がる今回のような事態を基本的に想定しておらず、東日本大震災では、被災県の要請によって避難先の都道府県が仮設住宅を提供するものとされた(山崎, 2013, 13-14頁 ; 日野, 2016, 100-101頁)。そのため形式上は、供与終了を決めるのも被災県ということになる。しかし、福島県が供与終了を決めた背後には、原発事故被害者への賠償や支援策を収束させていく国の方針がある。このたびの供与終了は、福島県だけでなく、国の「避難終了政策」のなかに位置づけてみたほうが正確に捉えられるであろう。仮設住宅の供与終了によって、多くの避難者が新たに家賃負担を求められたり、退去・転居を余儀なくされることになる。避難者にどのような影響が生じているのか、その全体像は明らかでなく、実情の把握が急務となっている。本稿は、その一端に関する調査結果の速報である。……

In March 2017, Fukushima Prefecture stopped providing temporary housing for voluntary evacuees of the Great East Japan earthquake. The number of evacuees losing their housing is roughly 10,000 households, or 26,000 people. Concomitant with the termination of temporary housing, Fukushima Prefecture is taking steps to support voluntary evacuees in its place. For example, there is rent support for privately rented housing, but the period is limited to two years. Because such limit exists, events like children growing up or income changes could bring latent troubles to the surface. Evacuation destination municipalities are enacting policies of preferential moving programs for public housing, but these are based on national policies through a law on support for children and victims of nuclear disaster (Act concerning the promotion of measures to provide living support to the victims, including the children who were affected by the TEPCO Nuclear Accident in order to protect and support their everyday lives). However, in the future, if the localities targeted for support should change, there is the possibility that there will be difficulties for evacuees continuing to move into housing when they are no longer subject to aid. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor the situation of evacuees and the trends in support measures. The temporary housing program operates as a relief measure for victims based on the Disaster Relief Act. Because securing housing is essential for evacuees to rebuild their lives, when the plan to discontinue it came to light in 2015, not only evacuees themselves, but also journalists, practitioners, and researchers voiced their criticisms and concern. If the temporary housing program is terminated, people who are trying to continue to evacuate will be charged rent and will have no choice but to move. Therefore, they will inevitably bear additional economic burden. In these circumstances, it is crucial to get an understanding of the effects that this will have on evacuees. For people who have evacuated outside of Fukushima Prefecture, the circumstances vary widely for each evacuation location, and a more detailed study of the conditions in each area is needed. Concomitant with the termination of temporary housing, Fukushima Prefecture is taking steps to support voluntary evacuees in its place. For example, there is rent support for privately rented housing, but the period is limited to two years. Because such limit exists, events like children growing up or income changes could bring latent troubles to the surface. Evacuation destination municipalities are enacting policies of preferential moving programs for public housing, but these are based on national policies through a law on support for children and victims of nuclear disaster (Act concerning the promotion of measures to provide living support to the victims, including the children who were affected by the TEPCO Nuclear Accident in order to protect and support their everyday lives). However, in the future, if the localities targeted for support should change, there is the possibility that there will be difficulties for evacuees continuing to move into housing when they are no longer subject to aid. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor the situation of evacuees and the trends in support measures.

Journal

  • 経営研究

    経営研究 68 (3), 35-51, 2017-11-30

    大阪市立大学経営学会

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