グランドにおける紫外線反射強度の調査

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  • Ultraviolet Rays Reflectance of Sports Playing Fields
  • グランド ニ オケル シガイセン ハンシャ キョウド ノ チョウサ

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[要約] 屋外におけるスポーツ活動中には紫外線の影響を受ける。紫外線はその波長の領域とそれに伴う性質によって３つに分けられる（UV-A， UV-B， UV-C）。その中で，UV-Aは地表に届き，皮膚をはじめ生体への影響が懸念されている。この紫外線には直達光と反射光があり，反射光はグランド表面の素材によって，反射率が異なる。これまで，雪面や砂浜での計測はよく行われているが，グランド，特に，人工芝における紫外線の反射率に関する報告は見られない。そこで，本研究では人工芝を含む，複数のグランド表面の紫外線反射率の計測を行った。その結果，人工芝のUV-Aの反射率は2.36％であり，草地の1.96％より高く，土走路の5.55％より低いことが示された。

[SUMMARY] During playing sports outside, our skin is irradiated with UV-A. There are two types of UV-A irradiation on the skin, namely direct UV-A and reflected UV-A irradiation, respectively. The reflectance (%) depends on the type of ground surface. Then the purpose of the study was to measure the UV-A reflectance of each ground surface. Specifically, we evaluated the UV-A reflectance of artificial turf as compared with other ground surfaces. UV-A sensors were set up at the height of 0.75m from each ground surface. UV-A reflectance of the artificial turf, ground soil and the grass field was measured from 9:00 to 16:00 on 24th March 2014. The weather was fine; the highest temperature was 17.6 degree Celsius, and the lowest was 13.8 degree Celsius. The mean humidity was 21.68±2.12%. The rate of actual sunshine was 97.6%. The irradiation and reflection of all ground surfaces were low at 9:00, and these values increased accordingly. The irradiation and reflection reached peak values at 12:00. The peak irradiation was 2.80mW/cm2. Peak reflection values of the ground soil were 0.155mW/cm2, those of the grass field were 0.055mW/cm2, and those of the artificial turf were 0.066mW/cm2. The reflectance of the ground soil was 5.55%, that of the grass field was 1.96%, and that of the artificial turf was 2.36%. The UV-A-reflectance of the artificial turf was higher than that on the grass field, but it was lower than that of the ground soil. In this study, the reflection of UV-A was measured at the height of 0.75m. We set this height to evaluate the effect of UV-A on junior sports players. These results suggested that the effect of UV-A reflectance of the artificial turf to the junior players was relatively low.

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