人の所有を表す「人がある」「人がいる」―明治から現代における小説を資料として―

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  • The Possessive Expressions “X (person) ga aru / iru”: A survey of usage data in novels from the Meiji period until today
  • ヒト ノ ショユウ オ アラワス 「 ヒト ガ アル 」 「 ヒト ガ イル 」 : メイジ カラ ゲンダイ ニ オケル ショウセツ オ シリョウ ト シテ

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Abstract When it comes to the differences between the usage of the Japanese verbs ‘aru’ and ‘iru’, people generally think that ‘aru’ is used for non-living things, whereas ‘iru’ is limited for living things. But to make things more complicated, we can also use ‘aru’ and ‘iru’ for possessive expressions. This paper discusses the different usage of ‘aru’ and ‘iru’ its meaning and usage in possessive expressions. Analyzing novels, some light will be shed on the diachronical changes of usage of ‘aru’ and ‘iru’ since the Meiji period. My research will show that there are some decisive factors governing the use of ‘aru’ and ‘iru’ depending on the closeness between the involved speakers and that these factors have changed over time. During the Meiji period the usage of ‘aru’ and ‘iru’ was interchanging, while nowadays possessive expressions show a preference for ‘iru’.

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