Between Representative Democracy and Direct Democracy: Participatory Democracy, Deliberative Democracy and Liquid Democracy

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  • 代表制民主主義と直接民主主義の間 —参加民主主義、熟議民主主義、液体民主主義

Abstract

This paper focuses on presenting and analyzing some of the most important theological models of participatory democracy, deliberative democracy and liquid democracy to emphasize their possibilities and limits. Each of these democratic theories are located between democratic bipolar models‒representative democracy and direct democracy‒ and have explicit commitment to reconsider existing models of representative democracy. Liquid Democracy is both democratic political idea and the open source political voting platform created and practiced by the Swedish and German Pirate Parties as a way to create a scalable and delegate democratic political party in the era of development of the information society and social network. Recently this idea has partly been applied by the working groups of Bundestag (German federal parliament). This paper shows how these three models of democracies can be embedded into the framework of existing democratic bipolar models by attempting to provide theoretical foundations of “mixed government” in democratic theories.

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