日本の博物館環境における労働倫理の研究 : 国立民族学博物館を事例として

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  • Work Ethic in a Japanese Museum Environment : A Case Study of the National Museum of Ethnology

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Museums are organizations that, depending on their size, each have a unique combination of workers. Typically included are employees whose duties are concerned with visitors, the public raison d’être of a museum. Collections and exhibits require academically trained specialists while the organization as a whole needs administrators and managerial staff. In addition, there are possible for-profit activities, such as museum shops and restaurants, in an otherwise mostly non-profit environment. This situation may be further complicated by volunteer, temporary, part-time, long-term or even tenured contracts for the people involved. The unique and complex combination of workers of a museum is commonly housed in a singular building, a space in which all people may interact or encounter each other daily. As a result of the organic relationships among all staff members, the organization is still a whole, i.e., a museum, and not a combination of unrelated practices. When employees of organizations are studied within management or organizational psychology disciplines, this diversity among employees is often absent. Non-profit organizations are already less often studied but especially part-time and non-managerial workers are rarely included in surveys that seek to understand organizational behavior (Bergman and Jean 2015). The following study of people working at the National Museum of Ethnology, or Minpaku, a Japanese institution with the largest ethnographic collections in Japan, includes a wide array of employees. They were provided with a one-page questionnaire on work ethic to confirm or contrast results from previous research elsewhere. Where the findings contradict earlier studies, recommendations are made for future research in which studies on museum organizations can play a pivotal role to address the needs in fields of management and organizational psychology.

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