建築空間の境界と打出の装束　――附・宮内庁書陵部蔵『女房装束打出押出事』翻刻――

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  • Borders in Architectural Spece and the Custom of Uchiide: Including a Reproduction of Nyōgo sōshoku uchiide oshiide no koto
  • ケンチク クウカン ノ キョウカイ ト ウチデ ノ ショウゾク : フ ・ クナイチョウショリョウブゾウ 『 ニョウボウ ショウゾク ウチデ オシダシ ジ 』 ホンコク

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本稿は、「境界をめぐる文学」の共同研究のなかで、建築空間の境界に着目する。平安時代から江戸時代における上層住宅に存在した境界において、女性の領域を外部に示した打出の装束をとりあげる。打出は、二つの領域を分割させ「覗かせる」作為のある境界とされている。本稿では、宮内庁書陵部蔵『女房装束打出押出事』に導かれながら打出の用法を整理した。打出の用法と領域は、①妻戸に設置する（使者のための明示など）、②儀礼の空間を装飾する、③女性の座を示す機能がある。従来絵巻等では、外部の簀子や庭に向かって装飾された打出が表現されることが多いが、内部空間に出されている事例を確認できる。打出の意匠は、制約のなかでも多種多様な選択がある。特に『兵範記』仁平二年（一一五二）三月七日条 鳥羽天皇五十算賀における女院の女房達の打出は、四色に限定しながらも、一人ひとりがすこしずつ色彩が異なるなどの院政期の趣向がみられる。女房装束の打出は、室町後期以降、王朝主題の絵画にも示されなくなるが、本史料から、江戸末期の学者に関心が復活したことを窺うことができる。現実に江戸後期に復原されなかったのは、あくまでも私的な装束と考えられたことが予見され、今後の課題としたい。 This article, written as part of the NIJL collaborative research project entitled "Borders," takes a close look at the establishment of borders in architectural space. In high-class mansions from the Heian down through to the Edo period, the precincts of women’s living quarters were clearly indicated by the presence of trailing sleeves or hems (of female gowns) made to protrude from under hanging blinds-a custom known as uchiide, literally, (clothing that is made to) stick out. These protruding bits of ladies’ garments served at once to separate the women’s quarters from the outside, as well as to allow those without to effectively get a little peek at what lay behind the otherwise concealing blinds. This article, by making reference to a work entitled Nyōgo sōshoku uchiide oshiide no koto, stored in the Kunaoichō Library, seeks to clarify the precise manner in which the custom of uchiide, protruding garments, was employed. There were three distinct locations or occasions in which uchiide were used: first, at the entrance of a mansion, as a means, among other purposes, of clearly indicating the identity of a messenger that happened to be present; second, as a means of decorating a space designated for worship; third, as a means of indicating the presence of women during rituals and Buddhist services. Illustrated scrolls often depict uchiide garments decorating outer lattices and the edges of gardens. It is possible, furthermore, with the aid of written documents, to confirm examples of uchiide being used indoors, as well. Designs of uchiide were numerous, even when restricted by various other conventions. An entry in the Heian-period diary Heihanki for the date 3.7.1152 (Ninpyō 2), we read how the uchiide of those ladies-in-waiting attending Emperor Toba’s fiftieth birthday celebration, while strictly limited to only four colors, yet displayed great variety in terms of individual combinations. Ladies-in-waiting active during the period of cloistered emperors, while inheriting the clothing traditions of their eleventh-century predecessors, did bring about certain innovations, such as the use of shade gradations within a single-colored garment. The uchiide of ladies-in-waiting cease to appear in those illustrations depicting court life produced during and after the latter half of the Muromachi period. Nyōgo sōshoku uchiide oshiide no koto reveals, howeverm, that some scholars as late as the Edo period were interested in the subject. That the practice of uchiide was never reinstituted during the Edo period might have been due to a notion that such practices were personal and not a matter of public concern. To be sure, more research must be done in this area.

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