唐『新修本草』編纂と「土貢」：中国国家図書館蔵断片考

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  • The Compilation of Xinxiu Bencao and “Tribute” in Tang China: On a Fragment of the Work Held in the National Library of China
  • トウ シンシュウ ホンゾウ ヘンサン ト ドコウ チュウゴク コッカ トショカン ゾウ ダンペンコウ

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The fragment of a Tang period hand-copy of Xinxiu Bencao 新修本草 (the first “Material Medica” to be compiled by imperial order, in AD 659) held by the Nationa1 Library of China (doc＃臨. 2371) corresponds to the fragment of the work unearthed in Dunhuang and provides important clues to the work’s compilation process.The recent “discovery” of the Ming period copy of the “Statutory Codes of the Northern Song Dynasty (Tiansheng-Ling 天聖令) has revealed the content of its Medical Code (医疾令) which clearly describes the Tang period administration of “material medica” (bencao 本草).The research to date on the Tang Medical Code has focused in reconstructing it, and the work on sections related to pharmacology needs to consider the intent surrounding the compilation of Xinxiu Bencao in the early years of that Dynasty.The present article is an attempt to clarify that intent by showing the relationship between the work’s preface, the Medica1 Code and medical institutions in general from the Northern Dynasties period on.First, a comparison of Doc #臨. 2371 and the Dunhuang fragment of Xinxiu Bencao reveals that the early Tang period compilation project was promoted by Zhangsun Wuji 長孫無忌 (?-659, the brother-in-law of the dynasty’s founder, a high ranking bureaucrat and legalist).Secondly, according to the Tiansheng Code, whenever the imperial surgery needed medicinal herbs, it was to refer to the bencao manual to ascertain were the herbs could be harvested and then order them through the Budget Bureau (Shangshu-sheng 尚書省 Hubu 戸部 Duzhi 度支), which is thought to have been the source of herbal supply to several outlets.The main compiler of the Xinxiu Bencao, Su Jing 蘇敬, held the post of quality controller and carrier of tribute goods, providing him with the expertise in pharmacology required to complete the work.Xinxiu Bencao not only represents the Tang Dynasty’s continuation of the Northern Dynasties’ commitment to protecting the lives of its subjects, but also describes for the historian the Dynasty’s institutions surrounding “tribute,” by which it attempted to control the distribution of goods throughout the empire. While existing as a manual for harvesting medicinal herbs, the work is also a comprehensive index of those herbs which flowed through the empire as tribute goods.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 90 (2), 113-143, 2008-09

    東洋文庫

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