ムハンマド・アリー占領期（1832～1840）のアレッポ高等協議会―占領下シリアにおける行政改革の一端―

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タイトル別名
  • The Superior Council of Aleppo (1832-40) : An Aspect of the Administrative Reforms during the Muhammad Ali's Rule of Syria
  • ムハンマド ・ アリー センリョウキ(1832~1840)ビ アレッポ コウトウ キョウギカイ : センリョウ カ シリア ニ オケル ギョウセイ カイカク ノ イッタン

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抄録

Muhammad Ali’s rule of Syria has been historically evaluated as marking a period during which it experienced significant changes influenced by various administrative reforms implemented during that time. It is ironic therefore that little research has been focused on that period, leaving unclear the actual substance of those reforms which were implemented during the period. Given such a situation, the present article attempts a detailed analysis of the regional councils (majālis al-shūrā) newly set up throughout Syria during the period, utilizing the Record Register of Acts Published by the Superior Council of Aleppo, one of few archives concerning the regional councils, and concentrating on the Higher Council of Aleppo, in particular. The Superior Council of Aleppo, which consisted of 16 local notables and bureaucrats, deliberated over various cases, including the appointment of officials and public works, but was primarily concerned with fiscal affairs, such as tax collection. Although it exclusively dealt with cases in the interest of the government as one of its administrative agencies, the Council was by no means merely an advisory body of any specific bureaucrat(s), but also took up many cases submitted by concerned local residents. Furthermore, the Council could have their decisions enforced, by issuing written acts, called khulāṣāt, to officials. This analysis of the Council can also be applied to the other regional councils established during the Muhammad Ali’s rule; and although one article alone cannot entirely reveal all the administrative reforms implemented at that time, it will hopefully pave the way for further studies on institutional reforms and governmental bodies during the period. Although there existed assemblies similar to the regional councils in each provincial capital prior to the Muhammad Ali’s occupation, the newly-formed councils provided many more local leaders with forums for participating officially and directly in local administration, which is why their establishment represents a significant turning point in the administrative history of modern Syria. Moreover, soon after the occupation came to an end, the Ottoman government established its own assemblies far more advanced than the regional councils in terms of both scale and jurisdiction as a part of the Tanzimat reforms, and spread throughout the whole Ottoman Empire. Further studies are required on such succession of regional administration reforms.

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 99 (4), 029-058, 2018-03

    東洋文庫

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