Cultures of Shame in England and Japan (1500-1800): Comparisons and Case Studies

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The project I brought to the Institute for the Comparative Studies of Culture at TokyoWoman’s Christian University in 2016 was the study of shame in comparative perspective,primarily through the medium of literature. My premise is that shame, so often associatedwith Japan, was also extremely important in early modern English culture. Afterpreliminary discussion of what is meant by“shame”and“guilt”, this article offers anoutline of Japanese and British history in the period 1500-1800 and a brief comparisonbetween the two societies. Against this background, a pair of case studies bearing ondifferent facets of honour and shame are considered. One is the famous Akō vendetta of1701-3, which became celebrated in kabuki and other forms of Japanese popular culture.The other is the less heroic tale of a scandalous liaison between Ford, Lord Grey and LadyHenrietta Berkeley in the 1680s, which was not merely a personal and family drama butlinked with major events in British high politics－the Exclusion Crisis (1679-81), the RyeHouse Plot (1683), and the rebellion of the duke of Monmouth (1685). This story likewisewas the subject of literary representation, principally a three-volume novel by AphraBehn, Love-Letters between a Nobleman and his Sister (1684-7). Like other works by thisauthor, it provides a rich storehouse of references to shame and guilt that enable theirnuances to be explored in depth. Here only a brief preliminary analysis is possible.

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