Improvement of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test for Children (IPANAT-C) : Re-examination of the Reliability and Validity

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  • 児童用インプリシット感情尺度（IPANAT-C）の改善 : 信頼性と妥当性の再検討
  • ジドウヨウ インプリシット カンジョウ シャクド(IPANAT-C)ノ カイゼン : シンライセイ ト ダトウセイ ノ サイケントウ

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Abstract

In the domain of psychology, self-eport questionnaires have frequently been utilized to assess various psychological characteristics such as personality and behaviors. Those questionnaires are answered based on one’s own conscious evaluation. Conscious evaluation receives many conscious operations such as defensiveness and lies, which often distorts true answers. Meanwhile, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have been underscoring the roles of unconsciousness. So, without clarifying such roles, we are unable to understand human behaviors precisely. In general, self-report questionnaires cannot assess unconsciousness, suggesting that it is difficult to measure it objectively without requiring much labor or time. In line with this consideration, implicit psychological characteristics have been being underscored. Implicit characteristics are basically located in the preconscious domain, which means that they are not consciously noticed under usual conditions. Thus far, many measures for assessing implicit characteristics have been developed. Of those measures, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) was developed to assess implicit affect in adults by Quirin et al.(2009). It is a test that can be easily and objectively administered and scored. Based on this test, Uchida et al.(2014) developed a new test for measuring implicit positive and negative affect for children. However, Uchida et al.’s measure (IPANAT-C) included limitations in the factor structure and validity. So, the current research re-examined the reliability and validity of the test especially by revising adjective emotional words as question items. Participants were 505 children(238 boys and 267 girls) from 3 rd- to 6 th-grades in elementary schools. They completed two questionnaires, a revised IPANAT-C and Questionnare-Ulitilies (Q-U). The Q-U was utilized to examine criterion-related validity. Results showed that the revised IPANAT-C includes the twofactor structure of implicit positive affect (IPA) and implicit negative affect (INA), along with acceptable alpha coefficients and significant positive test-retest correlations. Additionally, the test revealed a number of expected significant correlations with the subscales of the Q-U, especially in IPA and girls, although regarding INA, only one significant expected correlation was found in girls. Consequently, it is suggested that the IPANAT-C is reliable and partially valid, and applicable to future empirical research. A number of limitations in this research are discussed, along with future fruitful research topics.

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